APC UPS

UPS Input and Output Indicator and Development Trending

Input indicators

Input voltage range: Indicates what kind of power supply system the UPS product is suitable for (whether the AC voltage is single-phase or three-phase, the input AC voltage value, and the adaptability range to grid voltage changes)

Input frequency range: Input AC frequency and allowable variation range

Input power factor and input current harmonic components

Output indicators

Output voltage:

① Nominal output voltage value: 220V for single-phase input and single-phase output UPS or three-phase input and single-phase output UPS; 380V for three-phase input and three-phase output UPS, using three-phase three-wire or three-phase four-wire output mode.

②Output voltage (accuracy/range): the magnitude of the output voltage change.

③ Dynamic voltage transient range: refers to the output voltage fluctuation index when the UPS is suddenly increased or decreased by 100% or when the AC bypass power supply channel and the inverter power supply channel are switched, which should be ≤5%.

④ Voltage transient recovery time: When the input voltage is rated, the output is connected to a resistive load, and the output current changes from zero to rated current and from rated current to zero, the time required for the output voltage to recover to within the range of (220 ± 4.4) V.

⑤ Output voltage frequency: The frequency tracking range (the range in which the UPS output frequency tracks the input frequency changes when the UPS is powered by AC) should be 48~52HZ, and the range should be adjustable. The frequency tracking rate (the speed at which the output frequency tracks the input frequency changes when the UPS output frequency and the input AC frequency deviate) should be within the range of 0.5~2HZ/s. When working in the inverter output state, the frequency (stability) should not be wider than (50±0.5)HZ.

⑥ Output (voltage) waveform and distortion: for UPS with sine wave output (backup type is mostly square wave, online type is generally sine wave). Refers to the ratio of the square root of the square root of the effective value of the output voltage harmonics to the effective value of the fundamental wave.

⑦ Output voltage imbalance: The output voltage amplitude imbalance of interactive UPS is ≤3%, and the phase deviation is ≤2°. The output voltage amplitude imbalance of online UPS is ≤3%, and the phase deviation is ≤1°.

Output capacity: The product of the effective value of the output voltage and the maximum effective value of the output current, also known as apparent power.

Output overload capacity: the ability and time to withstand instantaneous overload.

Output current peak factor: When the UPS output current is a periodic non-sinusoidal current, the ratio of the peak value of the periodic non-sinusoidal current to its effective value. The UPS output current peak factor should be ≥3.

Parallel load current imbalance: refers to the ratio of the maximum deviation between the current value and the average current value of each parallel UPS when the output terminals of two or more UPSs with parallel function are connected in parallel for power supply. The ratio should be ≤5%. The smaller the value, the better, indicating that the load current balance of each UPS in the parallel system is better.

Battery indicators

Battery rated power: Small backup UPS are mostly 24V, the battery voltage of communication UPS is 48V, and the battery voltage of some large and medium-sized UPS is 72V, 168V or 220V, etc.

Battery backup time: usage time.

Battery type: Valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries are mostly used.

Battery charging current limit range: Its typical value is 10%~25% of the nominal input current.

UPS development trend

1) High frequency

On the one hand, high frequency refers to the increase of inverter switching frequency.

2) Greening

3) Intelligence