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- APC Back UPS
- APC EASY UPS
- APC Modular UPS
- APC Smart SMC UPS
- APC Smart SMT UPS
- APC Smart SURT UPS
- APC SPM UPS
- APC Symmetra Power Module
- APC SYMMETRA LX
- APC Symmetra PX
- Eaton 5P UPS
- Eaton 5PX G2 UPS
- Eaton 93PR UPS
- Eaton 9PX Li-Ion UPS
- Eaton 9PX UPS
- Eaton 9SX Tower UPS
- Eaton DX RT UPS
- Eaton DX UPS
- Eaton Ellipse ECO UPS
- Eaton Marine UPS
- Eaton Power Module
- SANTAK UPS
- Schneider Galaxy 3L / EASY 3L UPS
- Schneider Galaxy VS UPS
- Schneider Galaxy VL UPS
- Vertiv UPS
What is the working principle of a UPS?(Part 1)
01 The concept, composition, and function of UPS system
1. Data centers provide 24-hour business services, requiring a safe and continuous power supply system. If a computer suddenly loses power while operating, the internal filter capacitors can only sustain the computer’s operation for 8-10ms. If this time exceeds 10ms, the computer will either enter a self-test restart state or shut down. To avoid these situations, a power system must be configured that can restore power to the load within 10ms after a power outage; this is the widely used UPS ( Uninterruptible Power Supply) in recent years. Power System (Uninterruptible power supply system).
2. A UPS is a constant voltage and constant frequency power supply device composed of a converter, switch and energy storage device (usually battery energy storage) to provide uninterrupted power supply to the load.
3. When the mains power input is normal, the UPS rectifies the mains power and supplies it to the load through an inverter or direct voltage regulation. At this time, the UPS acts as an AC voltage regulator and also charges the internal battery. When the mains power is interrupted, the UPS immediately uses the battery power to continue supplying power to the load through the inverter, ensuring the load continues to operate normally and protecting the load’s hardware and software from damage. Simultaneously, the UPS also regulates the mains power, suppressing power grid harmonic interference, voltage dips, high-voltage surges, voltage waveform distortion, electromagnetic interference, and other power pollution.
4. As a power supply system, the power range of UPS is 500VA~1200kVA, and the power of UPS commonly used at present is 1kVA~800kVA.
02 UPS Working Principle
- A UPS structure includes a rectifier and charging unit that converts AC mains power to DC power, and an inverter that converts DC power back to AC power. The battery stores energy when AC power is normal, maintaining a normal charging voltage. If the mains power supply is interrupted, the battery immediately supplies power to the inverter to ensure the continuity of the UPS’s AC output. When the battery discharges to its final voltage, it automatically switches to a bypass power supply (another mains power supply or a generator) via a static switch.
